Assessment Critique

Assessment Critique Sandra Whitney California State University, Northridge SPED 501 M/M Dr. Haney A. General Information The Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement, Second Edition (KTEA-II) is an individually administered measure of academic achievement for ages 4. 5 through 25. The test is available in 2 versions. The Brief Form assesses achievement in reading, math and written expression. The Comprehensive Form covers reading, math, written language, and oral language. It also provides an analysis of students’ errors.Examiners can obtain a Comprehensive Achievement Composite in about 30 minutes for younger children and 85 minutes for the oldest students. The Comprehensive Form has 2 independent, parallel forms (A and B). The KTEA-II was written by Alan and Nadeen Kaufman and is published by AGS Publishing. B. Brief Description of Test Scoring & Types of Scores Derived The KTEA-II was designed to measure student progress. Some of its applications include assessing achievemen t, identifying processes, analyzing errors, program planning, measuring academic progress, evaluating interventions/programs, and making placement decisions.After reviewing the Manual, I believe the KTEA-II would be a good measure of academic achievement and student progress. The KTEA-II’s authors examined literature reviews and recommendations from experts in different subject areas in order to define which skills should be measured in each achievement domain. Three national tryouts of the KTEAII Comprehensive Form Materials were conducted between 2000 and 2001. These trials illustrated whether each subtest had enough items to be reliable and provided adequate coverage of skills at each grade level.They also allowed for statistical analysis to identify and modify/remove items that had poor discrimination or were differentially difficult according to sex or ethnicity. Finally, the tryouts provided valuable information regarding item difficulties that was necessary for constru cting standardization forms that would be parallel in content and level of examinee performance. I believe the KTEA-II is well designed. I especially like the fact that it provides a Clinical Analysis of Errors and that the authors utilized input from experts when designing/selecting test items.The analysis of errors can help a teacher identify specific areas in which the student demonstrates weak, average, or strong skill development. I feel the KTEA-II’s design and norms make it suitable for most populations between the ages of 4. 5 and 25. As a special educator, a real positive feature is the inclusion of examinees with special classification or diagnosis. However, I do not feel the KTEA-II is suitable for English Language Learners. The manual specifically states that the test was normed to represent the US population of children and young adults who speak English.C: Validity, Normative Population Data, &Types of Scores Derived The norm sample consisted of 3,000 examinees aged 4? through 25. The grade norms are based on 2,400 of the examinees in Grades K-12. The standardization took place from September 2001 through May 2003. All age levels had between 100 and 200 participants, except age 19, which had 80. The KTEA-II sample was based on the 2001 Current population Survey and designed to match the US population with regards to sex, parent education, ethnicity, and educational status of examinees aged 18 to 25.The sample was representative in terms of geographic region, with a few exceptions at a couple of age levels. Examinees with special disability classification or diagnosis were also included in the standardization sample. These participants had a specific learning disability, speech/language impairment, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, mental retardation, emotional/behavioral disturbance or were gifted and talented. One shortcoming in the norms is the failure to provide a breakdown of rural/urban participants.For internal consistency, t he overall Comprehensive Achievement composite coefficient was very reliable at (. 97). The core composites for Reading (. 96), Mathematics (. 96), and Written Language (. 93) are also highly reliable. However, the Oral Language composite (. 87) and Oral Fluency (. 85) fall below the desired (. 90) standard for reliability. The Sound-Symbol and Decoding composites are adequately reliable at all age levels. Because of the format for the subtests for the Reading Fluency composite, it is not possible to evaluate the internal consistency.The internal consistency coefficients are lower for subtests than composites. Most of the Reading and Mathematics subtests, and the Spelling subtest coefficients are sufficiently reliable. The majority of coefficients for the Oral Language subtests and the Written Expression subtest are less than (. 90). The coefficients for Nonsense Word Decoding are acceptable; but the majority of coefficients for the Phonological Awareness, Associational Fluency, and Naming Facility are below (. 90).To assess the stability of the KTEA-II scores over a period of weeks, the test was administered twice to 221 children from three grade ranges (Pre-K to Grade 1, Grades 2 through 6, and Grades 7 through 12). The retest interval ranged from 11 to 60 days and averaged 3? to 4 weeks. Alternate-form reliability was also examined in this analysis because about half the students took Form A first and Form B second; the other half took the test in the opposite order. The reliability correlations for the three grade ranges for the Comprehensive Achievement composite were (. 92), (. 94), and (. 5), respectively. For Pre-K to Grade 1, only the overall Reading and Decoding composites are sufficiently reliable. Coefficients for the Mathematics (. 87), Written Language (. 85), Oral Language (. 64), Sound-Symbol (. 84) and Oral Fluency (. 59) composites are all below (. 90). Letter & Word Recognition is the only subtest for Pre-K to Grade 1 with adequate reliabili ty (. 97). Coefficients for the rest of the subtests range from (. 47) to (. 88). For Grades 2 through 6 the Mathematics, Written Language, Reading Fluency, and Decoding Composites all had coefficients of at least (. 0). The Reading (. 87), Oral Language (. 68), Sound-Symbol (. 80), and Oral Fluency (. 67) composites are less than . 90. All subtest correlations are less than (. 90), except Spelling, Nonsense Word Decoding, and Decoding Fluency. Coefficients for the Reading (. 89), Oral Language (. 81), and Oral Fluency (. 76) composites are below . 90 for Grades 7 through 12. Correlations for the Mathematics, Written Language, Reading Fluency, and Decoding composites are all adequate. All subtest correlations, except Math Computation, are less than (. 90).Outside reviewers note that because stability and alternate-form reliability were not separated in this analysis, it is impossible to know whether results for some components are unstable, whether the forms differ, or both. The Ora l Language composite is problematic because of its internal consistency and stability correlations are consistently below (. 90). Interrater reliability was evaluated for Written Expression, Oral Expression, Reading Comprehension, Listening Comprehension, and Associational Fluency because they require judgment in scoring and are most susceptible to difference in scoring among examiners.The cases used 50 students at each of two grade levels. Students from Grade 2 or 3 completed Form A and students from Grade 8 completed Form B. Three or four examiners scored each level of each subtest. Correlations were all above (. 90), except Oral Expression at both grade levels (. 82 and . 88) and Associational Fluency at Grade 2 (. 82). The authors took many steps to ensure the validity of items on the KTEA-II. These efforts included literature reviews, consultation with experts in the field, and field testing.Intercorrelation of subtests and composites are provided at each age and grade level an d address construct validity. Moderate to high correlations were found between the majority of subtests and composites, except for the Oral Language domain. The average correlation between Oral Expression and Listening Comprehension was (. 46). Low correlations for these subtests and composite suggest they are measuring skills not closely related to other sections of the test. Factor analysis was used for the eight primary subtests of the KTEA-II Comprehensive Form, using the entire age-norm sample for Grade 1 through age 25.Confirmatory factor analysis provided evidence for a four-factor model (math, reading, written language, and oral language), as this model had good fit statistics and high loadings on the factors for all subtests. To evaluate concurrent validity, the KTEA-II Comprehensive Form was administered along with one or more achievement or cognitive abilities tests. Administration of the two tests occurred in counterbalanced order, with approximately half of the cases ta king the KTEA-II first and the other half taking it second.Administration of the two tests could occur on the same day or separated by as much as 60 days. When compared to the original Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement (K-TEA), the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test–Second Edition (WIAT-II), the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement–Third Edition (WJIII ACH), and the Peabody Individual Achievement Test–Revised, Normative Update (PIAT-R/NU), high overall composite correlations were found (range . 84 to . 94). At the composite and subtest level, moderate to high correlations were generally found for the domains of reading, mathematics, and written language.However, the Oral Language composite correlations were mixed, with one as low as (. 08). When the KTEA-II was compared to the Oral and Written Language Scales (OWLS), a (. 75) correlation was found between the written expression subtests. Correlations in the (. 40’s) were found between the oral ex pression and listening comprehension subtests for the two measures. The relationship between the KTEA-II and several intelligence tests was also examined. Composites from the KTEA-II correlate in the low to moderately high range (from. 13 to . 4) with the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children–Second Edition (KABC-II;), the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Third Edition (WISC-III; Wechsler), the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities–Third Edition (WJ III COG). Students diagnosed with reading, mathematics, and writing learning disabilities; cognitive impairment; attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; and emotional or behavioral disturbance and those who were deaf or hard of hearing had mean scores below average on all subtests and composites. Children identified as high performing or talented received mean scores above average for all subtests and composites.In terms of validity, comprehensive evidence is provided in support of the testâ€℠¢s content validity. The addition of an Oral Language section to the KTEA-II seems beneficial, but is an area of particular concern in terms of both reliability and validity. I believe the Oral Language results should be interpreted cautiously. Outside reviewers caution that there is a danger of overestimating or underestimating a student’s performance due to steep item gradients on the KTEA-II. When tests have steep item gradients, a 1-point change in raw scores can result in a large change in standard scores when using the KTEA-II.In some cases, a 1-point change in a raw score results in a change of as much as 13 standard score points. Reviewers have also found that although the norms for the KTEA-II begin at 4 to 6, most subtests do not have adequate floors at this age. Instruments without adequate floors do not have enough easy items to discriminate between students with and without skill deficits. Several concerns exist in regard to the adequacy of some KTEA-II subtest f loors; thus, it is suggested that examiners check floor adequacy when assessing younger children. Using a subtest with an inadequate floor may overestimate performance at certain ages.

Foreign Literature Essay

Nowadays, we are living in a world that everything exist makes our life easier. Technologies, upgrade and change rapid and it will last for long time. At the moment, folks is still using the most useful and informative matter in searching significant things. Internet is the best way in exploring matters, and currently numerous are exploiting it. Business, government, organizations, companies are the usual users of internet. Reasons why people use internet is because it will provide and suggest sites that you can assure you will not victim by some people who are untrusted. Business like selling and reserving house and lots has their own websites that you can visit and inquire if you are interested in buying there house and lots. Today people are not much put effort in buying or reserving house and lot, one of the reason is they are busy on their work and they cannot a lot time to visit the subdivision. Instead of visiting some subdivision they just surf the internet to know what are the subdivisions that are selling high class or regular style of houses and how extent the lots that can be reserved by the customer. Tarlac is one of the provinces who are progressive and still strive hard just to make it well-liked by the individuals who had been on this place. There are myriads of the subdivisions in Tarlac, so competition takes place. In order to have buyers, different tactics and techniques are needed. Shangri-La Homes Subdivision is a new build subdivision located at San Jose, Tarlac. STATEMENT OF THE OBJECTIVE This research is intended and developed an â€Å"Online House and Lot Reservation for Shangri-La Homes Subdivision† that can be accessed of the people who are interested in buying or reserving house and lots. Precisely, it attained the subsequent objectives: * To help people in buying and reserving house and lots in much easier ways. * To organized the transactions between the buyer and the administration * To lessen the effort of the customers. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The Online House and Lot Reservation for Shangri-La Homes Subdivision reinforced the administration of the subdivision, SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY This research concentrates only on Online House and Lot Reservation for Shangri-La Homes Subdivision. The system helped the administration of the subdivision and buyers to put less effort in buying and reserving house and lot in typical ways. Administration of the subdivision will not have more strategies to make just to have buyers, in the part of the administration they will not hire people who are giving leaflets and have an advertisement furthermore they can saved money. On the other hand, the buyers who are interested will not go to the subdivision and ask much information and they can save their time in spending it with their families.

ATM systems

ATM systems One of the most important part to designing the ATM usage is to make it as use r-centred as possible. According to Benyon, 2005, the PACT which is stand for People, Activities, Contexts, and Technologies as a useful framework for thinking about a design situation in relation to an interactive system. Performing a PACT analysis would be useful for both analysis and design activities, understanding the current situations, seeing where possible improvements can be made and envisioning future situations. The results of the PACT analysis are presented below. People The users groups for this technology include all people with bank accounts, especially UMS students, staff and lecturers. In the established user group, age and sex are not a factor. The technology does assume some previous knowledge and its functions could prove difficult for first time users. Most ATMs translate all signs and button into braille, making it usable by those without eyesight. This specific machine could create difficulties for those with disabilities because of the height of the keypad and its relatively flat orientation on the machine. People with children could also find the placement of the machine inconvenient, as its location is directly next to a main entrance. In addition, the machine have many language options, it is easier for users to use the machine. Activities Based on the study, the verification of banking details and the removal of money from ones account. The sub activities include inserting a credit card, entering ones pin number, selecting the amount desired, checking account balances and retrieving receipts. We observed the machine being used often, with one person using it every five minutes. It is important to this system works quickly, as it is meant to be a quick stop and there are often a line of people waiting to use the machine. Besides that, for security purposes, it is unsafe for a user s account information to stay up too long, as it could be target for theft. The machine is used by individuals, who must be aware of their surroundings, protect their pin number as they enter it. The ATM itself is designed so that important account information that might be printed on a receipt or shown on screen is obscured or not written out in full. If someone wrongfully inputs their pin number, for example, the transaction will be cancell ed and they will receive their card back. In some cases, a user could forget their card in the machine, which could result in theft if the card is taken immediately after the user leaves. Otherwise, the machine will retract the card and store it. Also, if a user somehow forgets to take their money, it could be stolen. The current machine performs the basic activities and sub activities well. It works quickly and efficiently to dispense users money. The functions, however, are very basic and only the simplest functions can be performed. The location and design of the machine do pose some security risks. The machine is also in a high-traffic area and is open on all sides. Contexts An ATM machine location could prove to be a significant factor in the ease of its use. If a machine is located outside, there is the potential for distraction if there is heavy rain, posing security risks. Also, bright sunlight could obscure the display, making it more difficult to use. ATM use tends to be in an open, public area, which goes against the general context and use of banking; it is generally considered to be a private activity. It could include a more private space for the machine. It should also be installed indoors if possible to reduce the potential for distraction and thus reduce security risks. The current system does not take privacy into account; the machine is located directly next to a main entrance. There are also bright lights that cause glare on the display, making it more difficult to read. Technologies The input mechanism in the form of a key pad and either a touch screen or buttons adjacent to options on screen are the easiest ways for users to input information, and is the setup of most ATMs. Banking options should be easily visible to users once their identity is verified by the machine. The key pad should be more obscured so that when users input information, privacy is not compromised. ATMs in general, are used by those standing up. However, this poses issues for those in wheelchairs and thus a design idea is to place an additional screen and keypad down lower for those with disabilities. In terms of output, we cannot see any flaws with the current use of a screen to display information. However, one innovation that could be helpful to users is to have receipts e-mailed to them instead of receiving paper receipts that tend to be discarded immediately. Communication is a big factor for ATMs, which need to be able to connect with banks to verify users, account balances, and so o n. The content central to this function is the account information being traded between user and machine, as well as between the machine and the banks. Based on the observation, the ATM does not have ideal key pad placement, possibly creating security concerns. Besides that, instructions about card insertion are unclear, the sign above the card slot says to insert the card with the numbers up, while the computer screen asks the user to insert the card with the magnetic strip up. The screen performs the necessary functions, and is convenient for most users, who use the machine standing up. It is not ideal, though, for those with disabilities as the key pad and card slot are a bit too high. The machine communicates with the banks quickly and easily, making money retrieval from this machine a rapid and simple task. As conclusion, in implementing a new ATM system, the current system employed by most machines is functional and effective. However, there are some concerns with its ease of use when it comes to those with disabilities; many are meant for users standing up, while those in wheelchairs would struggle with the horizontal orientation of the key pad and its height. Additionally, the placement of ATMs should be a key factor when implementing the system. Their ideal location is indoors where distractions like sunlight, weather and noise are mitigated. It is also important for users to have a sense of privacy or enclosure while they conduct their banking. The language a machine employs is also vital to its successful use; limited language capabilities make it difficult for a wide swath of the population to use the system.

Martin Luther King's Representation of Law Essay

Martin Luther King's Representation of Law - Essay Example Natural law for Dr. Martin Luther King, as well as for St. Thomas Aquinas, is the part of God’s eternal plan for everything that He has created (â€Å"Legal positivism vs. natural law theory† 2). An important statement in Reverend King’s â€Å"Letter† is that his protest against an unjust law of Birmingham was nonviolent (4). He did not break a moral law by appealing to violence against another human being. Dr. King emphasizes that he has always followed the rules of the Christian morality, which is, according to him, a code of natural and just laws (4). Martin Luther King does not follow the Machiavellian doctrine of permissiveness. His viewpoint is based on the Christian morality, faith in equality of all people, and respect to every person regardless of his or her skin color, race or ethnicity. Positive law is always legal, as it is issued by some authority that has the right to decide how to regulate human interactions in a society. However, the morali ty of the law, even if it was made by a powerful and respectful person or institution, can always remain questionable. As Dr. Martin Luther King observes, Hitler’s laws in Germany were certainly legal, but they were appallingly immoral, unnatural and unjust (3). â€Å"Oppressed people cannot remain oppressed forever†, says Martin Luther King, and it means that an unjust law cannot last forever (4). Hitler’s laws in Germany, Saddam Hussein’s laws in Iraq or Gaddafi’s laws in Libya were legal.

HRM Practices that affect the Annovation process Dissertation

HRM Practices that affect the Annovation process - Dissertation Example For example, a study conducted by Laursen and Foss (2003) of 1,900 Dutch business organizations found that effective HRM practices not only had a positive influence on an organization’s financial performance, but also had a positive influence on a firm’s innovation. Researchers have generally taken two approaches to explaining how HRM practices have a positive influence on an organization’s overall performance: systems and strategic perspectives (Bowen & Ostroff, 2004). The systems approach to researching HRM practices and its link to organizational performance focuses on the impact of the cumulative value of HRM practices. The strategic perspective analyses how individual HRM practices impact firm performance. The underlying concept is the belief that HRM practices are designed to â€Å"develop employees’ skills, knowledge and motivation† so that â€Å"employees behave in ways that are instrumental to the implementation of a particular strategyâ⠂¬  (Bowen & Ostroff, 2004, pp. 203-204). ... Empirical research in the literature substantiates this assumption. (Joseph & Dai, 2009; Zeidan, 2006). Wang and Zang (2005) conducted a two-part study consisting of field study on HRM practices and its maim compartments among Chinese companies and partnerships and case studies on entrepreneurship frameworks from the perspective of strategic HRM practices. The research findings indicate that there is a positive link between strategic HRM practices and firm innovation (Wang & Zang, 2005). Businesses currently operate in an environment where knowledge continuously changes at a rapid rate. Thus, innovation is crucially important for building and sustaining an organization’s success and as a result, â€Å"the human capital of the organization is an issue of increasing importance† (Jorgensen, Becker & Matthews, 2009, p. 451). Essentially, strategic human resource management by definition is directly and indirectly linked to firm innovation. According to Sims (2007) strategic HRM is defined as: ...the linking of human resources with strategic goals and objectives in order to improve business performance and develop organizational culture that foster innovation and flexibility (p. 323). Armstrong (2011) argues that competitiveness in today’s market has placed firms under increasing pressure to adopt innovation as a key business model. Innovation models involve changes that organizations should implement to become and remain competitive and how they may improve organizational performance generally. These changes not only involve people, but also have an impact on people. Employees are engaged in both the planning and implementation phases of organizational change. Thus HRM is critical for perfecting an innovative business model, because HRM is

The violin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The violin - Essay Example This "The violin" work outlines the origin and usage of this instrument. The name violin is an English word derived from a Latin word vitula, which translates to stringed instrument in English. This implies that the instrument was not an English creation and only gained a lot of prominence in the United Kingdom in the sixteenth century following its extensive use in the modern day Italy. The violin was played a lot in Italy and became part of the Italian cultural heritage. Some of the most celebrated violinists and violin manufacturers such as Gasparo da Salà ² and Giovanni Paolo Maggini among many others were all Italians. The instrument played a role in the development of the modern day salsa dance, which coincidentally was part of the Italian heritage too. The spread of the instrument to other parts of the world resulted from colonization and the subsequent industrialization in the late eighteenth century. Italians spread throughout the world to the Americas and other parts of Europe taking their culture with them. In doing so, other people began appreciating the instrument in music production. Celine Dion one of the modern day musicians who have used violins in most of her songs is a Canadian but of Italian decent. The use of the instrument has today acquired a global acceptance and appreciation by different people from all over the world. The development of the instrument has centered on the modifications of its features and addition of aesthetics to make it look more beautiful and produce better quality sounds. (Bartruff, 1989). Among the common features of a violin are the strings. This is a fundamental part of the instrument mandated with the production of the sound. The strings nailed to the tail stretch the entire length of the instrument and pass all the way to the upper most part of the instrument called the scroll. In the ancient Greek and Roman days, the strings were made of sheep gut, these were pieced, stretched and dried to the desired quality to produce high quality sound and last longer. With the modern day technological advancements, the strings are today made of steel or aluminum. Additionally, while in the ancient day the people relied only on the instrument to entertain, the modern technological developments allow the sound to pass through other machines that boosts its gain and quality. These make recordings and music productions easier. Furthermore, the instrument earns the ability to entertain a large number of people despite is small size and the relatively low sound it produces. Tunings are other essential parts of the instrument. These regulate the quality and pitch of sound that every stroke of the strings produces. The tunings resemble those found in a guitar and are placed at the scro ll end of the instrument. These are protruding stick at the end of the instrument on which the strings wind. The violinists therefore use these to adjust the tightness of the strings depending on the note of the music required. Without the tunings, the strings may easily break; the tunings gives the strings an allowance to slacken thereby preventing any synapses from accidental pulls. Despite the numerous advantages and purposes of the tunings, their primary function is to regulate the pitches of the sounds produced. Bows on the other hand are not

The ethical problems of illegal immigration in the united states Essay

The ethical problems of illegal immigration in the united states - Essay Example al sovereignty and border protection can find themselves at odds with advocates for migration who see in it a cheap labor force and a means of preventing further outsourcing overseas. In similar fashion, ideologues of the Left can find themselves divided between those who support the interests and needs of American workers (industrial and agricultural) and those according to whom the human rights of immigrants deserve to be recognized and protected. Illegal immigration as an issue is not, however, simply a political one. It also presents a host of complex and not easily answered ethical questions. As both a nation of immigrants and one whose founding was greatly influenced by Enlightenment ideas of universal rights and dignity, the United States is sometimes hard pressed to reconcile some of its historic-philosophical values with its more immediate and typical needs regarding its national sovereignty and the rule of law. Furthermore, as a country for whom the Christian religion has long been an influential belief system, Christ’s message of â€Å"treat thy neighbor as thyself† (Leviticus 19:18) presents certain difficulties for resolving and, even more fraught with conflict, prosecuting illegal immigration. The American Constitution guarantees certain rights to all United States citizens. Included is the Thirteenth Amendment which grants citizenship to all persons born within the borders of the country. When illegal immigrants come to the United States and have a child, that child is automatically an American citizen with rights to education, health care, Social Security, and other legal protections. These services all cost money. Though this area might represent a â€Å"loophole† in the law, until changed, these newborns deserve the same treatment as anyone else born here in America. Technically the child’s parents are still illegal and have no true legal claim to any benefits or services. It would hardly be ethical or moral, however, to separate the

Does the use of prophylactic antibiotics ensure the prevention of Research Paper

Does the use of prophylactic antibiotics ensure the prevention of surgical site infections - Research Paper Example Several strategies have been suggested to improve antibiotic prophylaxis (AP), including: providing education or individualized feedback to clinicians; establishing multidisciplinary protocols to ameliorate team-level communication; implementing institutional antibiotic prophylaxis programs involving integrated systems to reduce, curtail or control the administration of antibiotics (Gagliardi, Fenech, Eskicioglu, Nathens & McLeod, 2009). With the goal of optimizing antibiotic prophylaxis of surgical-site infections a multidisciplinary approach has been recently revised by Olin (Olin, 2006). The author presents the main points in prescribing, dispensing, and administration practices to achieve 100% compliance with antibiotic prophylaxis, and he cites in particular: initiating prophylactic antimicrobials within one hour of surgical incision, by choosing them according to guidelines, and discontinuing antimicrobial prophylaxis within 24 hours after surgery (Olin, 2006). A crucial issue in antibiotic-based peri-operative prophylaxis is the timing of antibiotic delivery. Although there is a general agreement on recommending antibiotic treatment within one to two hours of incision for patients undergoing surgery, contrasting results demand further research. Several clinical studies continue to be published yearly, aiming at optimizing the timing of antibiotic treatments (Gupta, Hote, Choudhury, Kapil & Bisoi, 2010). The purpose of my assay is to evaluate a recently published evidence-based nursing research aimed to assess the effects of the SURPASS checklist on implementation on antibiotic prophylaxis (de Vries, Dijkstra, Smorenburg, Meijer & Boermeester, 2010). SURPASS is the acronym for SURgical Patient Safety System, a checklist previously developed by the same authors of the study hereby analyzed, which was aimed to increase standardization surgical procedures and patient safety (de Vries, Hollmann, Smorenburg, Gouma & Boermeester, 2009). Research study synopsis and analysis De Vries et al. (2010) performed a retrospective analysis on two cohorts of patients who underwent surgery before and after implementation of the SURPASS checklist, with the specific aim to determine whether the introduction of the implemented SURPASS checklist affected the timing of antibiotic prophylaxis. Importantly, the retrospectively collected data (including those extracted from the electronic patient data management system) were validated by observations, in which actual times of antibiotic administration and incision were recorded. This approach validated the use of electronic records of hospitalized patient management. A total of 772 surgical procedures were included in the study, divided in two cohorts treated with pre- and post-implementation (PI) checklist, respectively. Patient characteristics were listed in Table 1 of the paper. The latter and the use of a PI checklist were independent variables. Dependent variables were the intervals between antibiotics administration and incision (Figure 2 of the paper), expressed as a function of checklist implementation, i.e. in surgery performed before or after checklist implementation. Since in the PI cohort the checklist was actually used in

Water Fluoridation Issue in Kansas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Water Fluoridation Issue in Kansas - Essay Example The Kansas area is a leading producer of cattle and agricultural produce such as soybeans and corn (Mortal et al 1). The area relies on rivers, wetlands, and underground rivers as the natural water sources and the water supply is both private and public. Kansas is ideal for agriculture because a significant percentage of its land can support agricultural activities with over sixty thousands running farms. Like many communities, Kansas undertook the water fluoridation concept that many perceive as the way to providing safe water for the population. The idea that supports the fluoridation aspect is that adding fluoride to water for consumption helps in preventing tooth cavity and other dental health concerns. With this, this essay will delve into the presence of fluoride in the water consumed in Kansas and why it is good for the this community. First, consumption of fluoridated is of benefit to the Kansas because it is the most cost effective way of minimizing the occurrence of cavitie s in both adults and children (K.H.I 2). Most of those that are adamant about using fluoridated water because they support the ferocious thinking that intense level of fluoride in water can cause fluorosis in children below the age of eight hence minimizing the level of contact with this water. This ambuscades sensible thinking as the arguments that they present lack substantive evidence to support their claims. However, this is nadir thinking as this only applies to the children of this age and not on those that are past this age hence making this argument to be baseless. The levels of fluoride in domestically consumed water should be at 1.5mg per liter and a plethora of this may cause fluorosis if the level goes up to 4mg per liter. The other available options for preventing cavities is by using toothpaste that contains fluoride as an extract, which is much more expensive. Therefore, water fluoridation has benefits to the Kansas community because it presents an affordable way of p revent cavities and cavity related diseases. Secondly, consumption of fluoridated is of benefit to the Kansas because it helps in minimizing the occurrence of diseases caused by poor oral health. In essence, the Wichita area has registered a great number of tooth decay cases as compared to any other region within this state. Ideally, Wichita does not fluoridate its water because it lacks the necessary policy mechanisms that would influence the adoption of the water fluoridation concept. The area has also registered a high number of oral health challenges that have the potential of influencing other disease apart form the dental health related diseases. However, a significant part of the medical professionals in Wichita have realized the importance of water fluoridation had have taken the initiative to improve the quality of life for those living ion the area. Subsequently, physicians agree that a community that does not consume fluoridated water cannot be as healthy as it should be because of the inane perception that they have about the disease causing organisms. Therefore, water fluoridation is of benefit to the Kansas population especially in the Wichita area because it minimizes the risk of acquiring tooth decay that can create poor oral health. Thirdly, consumption of fluoridated is of benefit to the Kansas because it helps in keeping students in school as it decreases absenteeism caused by seeking treatment. Ideally, studies have also established a relationship between the low grades in school going children and poor dental health that may arise from consuming water does not contain the required fluoride levels. According to the Kansas Dentist Association, a significant pa

Enterprise and Entrepreneruship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Enterprise and Entrepreneruship - Essay Example What remains after settling all the expenditure is the entrepreneur’s profit. Thus, the entrepreneur can be said to be one who shifts economic resources from an area of lower productivity, to an area of greater yield and higher productivity. The act that the entrepreneur engages in for the purpose of shifting economic resources from a point of lower productivity, to a point of greater yield and higher productivity is what an entrepreneurship is. The roles and values that the entrepreneur and entrepreneurship dispense in the society and towards economic stability and growth cannot be discounted because they are immense and multifaceted. As a matter of fact, economists and business pundits such as Audretsch are poignant that, the (hypothetical) act of entrepreneurs in a given country making a dereliction on entrepreneurship is tantamount to dealing that country a coup de grace (2007, 67). Entrepreneurship and the Economy One of the salient roles that entrepreneurship dispenses i n the society and to that society’s economy is the maintenance of the relationship between the consumer and the entrepreneur himself. Economies, especially, capitalist ones in the extreme aggregates have theoretical levels of infinite demands. Entrepreneurs do this by creating goods and services, and thereby ultimately meeting the demand of the market which is the society. The gravity of this complementary relationship between the consumer and the entrepreneur is that in the absence of entrepreneurs, the demand of the market will exist, but the supply will be inexistent. This means that even essential products will not be realisable. Likewise, the same also means that should the number of entrepreneurs in the society dwindle, then demand will still override supply, and thereby leading to an increase in commodity prices, higher cost of living and a society or an economy beset by inflation (Batabyal and Nijkamp, 2012, 340). Another way in which the entrepreneur benefits the soc iety is by creating wealth. There are several ways by which an entrepreneur creates wealth. One of the ways by which entrepreneurs do this is by shortening the process of production. As the entrepreneur integrates economic resources to make them readily usable, the chain of production is decoupled, since the buyer is saved from the need to expend his synergy in producing the same material. The buyer thus is succored from extra expenditure. For instance, a transport company can be outsourced by a manufacturing company to help facilitate the transportation of materials essential for production. Thus, the company will have saved the revenue it would have spent in buying large trucks, hiring scores of drivers and settling motor vehicle maintenance costs. The same money that would have been used in settling transportation cost may serve as ploughed-back capital, to help the manufacturing firm continue with its production exercises (AMAM, 2010, 75 and Audretsch, 2007, 66). Frederick, Mons en and Hunter observe that increased unit and volume of production emanating from ploughed-back cap

Analytical Psychology of Carl Jung Essay Example for Free

Analytical Psychology of Carl Jung Essay Psychological Therapeutic System, more commonly known as, Analytical Psychology, was developed and founded by a Swiss psychiatrist, Carl Gustav Jung. Carl’s family was very involved with the Christian faith, when Carl had his â€Å"initiation† he didn’t have any moving feelings and that was said to be a main reason to why he chose to go on with his later work, he was trying to replace the faith that was missing from his life (Mitchell). Jung and Freud met up and began a six year long journey of research and work together until they split right before World War I in May 1914. Jung soon started his own research which became Analytical Psychology in response to Freud’s psychoanalysis. (Mitchell). â€Å"Jung taught that the psyche consists of various systems including the personal unconscious with its complexes and a collective unconscious with its archetypes,† (PsychoHeresy Awareness Ministries). Analytic psychology is the analysis of the human mind, psyche and the unconscious, as well as the conscious components of the mind. It is thought that mans behavior and his conscious states can be explained only by unconscious sources of what motivates him. Jung believed that the mind could be divided into unconscious and conscious parts. The unconscious mind was made up of layers; the personal unconscious is the part of the unconscious mind where each persons unique own experiences and that may not be consciously remembered are stored. Jung believed that the contents of each persons personal unconscious are organized in terms of complexes, clusters of emotional unconscious thoughts. One may have a complex towards their mother or towards their partner. Jung referred to the second layer of unconsciousness as the collective unconscious. This level contains memories and behavioral predispositions that all people have inherited from common ancestors in the distant human past, providing us with essentially shared memories and tendencies. People across space and time tend to interpret and use experience in similar ways because of archetypes, inherited human tendencies to perceive and act in certain ways. During Analytic Therapy, Jung may use certain archetypes to explain a person’s unconscious thought that even affect their behavior. Jung believed that there are certain archetypes that are important in peoples lives. These archetypes are as follows. The persona archetype is the part of our personality that we show the world, the part that we are willing to share with others. The shadow archetype is the darker part of a person, the part that embraces what we view as frightening, hateful and even evil about ourselves the part of us that we hide not only from others but also from ourselves. The anima is the feminine side of a males personality, which shows tenderness, caring, compassion and warmth to others, yet which is more irrational and based on emotions. The animus is the masculine side of a womans personality, the more rational and logical side of the woman. Jung posited that men often try to hide their anima both from others and from themselves because it goes against their idealized image of what men should be. According to Jung, these archetypes play a role in our interpersonal relationships. For example, the relationship between a man and a woman calls into play the archetypes in each individuals collective unconscious. The anima helps the man to understand his female companion, just as the animus helps the woman to understand her male partners (PsychologyCampus. com, 2004). Jung distinguishes two differing attitudes to life, two ways of reacting to circumstances, which he finds so widespread that he could describe them as typical. The extraverted attitude, characterized by an outward personality, an interest in events, in people and things, a relationship with them, and a dependence on them. This type is motivated by outside factors and greatly influenced by the environment. The extraverted type is sociable and confident in unfamiliar surroundings. The introverted attitude, in contrast, is one of withdrawal of the personality and is concentrated upon personal factors, and their main influence is inner needs. When this attitude is habitual Jung speaks of an introverted type. This type lacks confidence in relation to people and things, tends to be unsociable, and prefers reflection to activity. This approach is especially helpful to clients that can remember their dreams and are either interested or troubled in them. They are often asked to keep a journal of their dreams and other impressions that they feel. When working with analytical psychology clients are expected to be as open, spontaneous, and self-observant as they can. Jungians will generally not use any formal assessment procedures while in therapy, and are not likely to diagnose problems. They take dreams very seriously and consider them central to establishing dialect between consciousness and unconsciousness. In a clinical setting, the helper will listen carefully to the client’s dreams and thoughts and intervene and identify important aspects that are noticed (Sommers-Flanagan, 2004). References Mitchell, G. (n. d. ). Carl jung jungian analytical psychology. Retrieved from http://www. trans4mind. com/mind-development/jung. html PsychoHeresy Awareness Ministries, Initials. (n. d. ). Psychoheresy: c. g. jungs legacy to the church. Retrieved from http://www. psychoheresy-aware. org/jungleg. html PsychologyCampus. com, Initials. (2004). Analytical psychology. Retrieved from http://www. psychologycampus. com/analytical-psychology. html Sommers-Flanagan, J R. (2004). Counseling and psychotherapy theories in context and practice. Retrieved from http://books. google. ca/books? id=BpzrBuSe0ikCpg=PA128lpg=PA128dq=case+example+analytical+psychologysource=blots=ANhhYx5RISsig=NdjE_dCewzWNnrxc3dL0sB28ZUohl=enei=VNG0TITqJYGCsQPzkKjsCAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=5ved=0CCUQ6AEwBA#v=onepageqf=falseÃ'Ž

Relative Clause vs. Appositive Essay Example for Free

Relative Clause vs. Appositive Essay An appositive is a word placed after another word to explain or identify it. The appositive always appears after the word it explains or identifies. It is always a noun or a pronoun, and the word it explains is also a noun or pronoun. Example: My uncle, a lawyer, is visiting us. My teacher, Miss Marshall, is very strict. An appositive phrase consists of the appositive and its modifiers which may themselves be phrases. Example: My radio, an old portable, is in the repair shop. The boys climbed the mountain, one of the highest in the West. THE RELATIVE CLAUSE A relative clause—also called an adjective or adjectival clause—will meet three requirements. * First, it will contain a subject and verb. * Next, it will begin with a relative pronoun [who, whom, whose, that, or which] or a relative adverb [when, where, or why]. * Finally, it will function as an adjective, answering the questions What kind? How many? or Which one? The relative clause will follow one of these two patterns: relative pronoun or adverb + subject + verb relative pronoun as subject + verb Here are some examples: Which Francine did not accept Which = relative pronoun; Francine = subject; did accept = verb [not, an adverb, is not officially part of the verb]. Where George found Amazing Spider-Man #96 in fair condition Where = relative adverb; George = subject; found = verb. That dangled from the one clean bathroom towel That = relative pronoun functioning as subject; dangled = verb. Who continued to play video games until his eyes were blurry with fatigue Who = relative pronoun functioning as subject; played = verb. Avoid creating a sentence fragment. A relative clause does not express a complete thought, so it cannot stand alone as a sentence. To avoid writing a fragment, you must connect each relative clause to a main clause. Read the examples below. Notice that the relative clause follows the word that it describes. To calm his angry girlfriend, Joey offered an apology which Francine did not accept. We tried our luck at the same flea market where George found Amazing Spider-Man #96 in fair condition. Michelle screamed when she saw the spider that dangled from the one clean bathroom towel. Brian said goodnight to his roommate Justin, who continued to play video games until his eyes were blurry with fatigue. Examples of Sentences with Relative Clauses 1. The family fulfills functions that are divided among many specialized institutions in modern societies. 2. Yesterday I called our friend Julie, who lives in New York. 3. The photographer called to the Queen, who looked annoyed. 4. Last week I bought a new computer, which I dont like now. 5. I really love the new Chinese restaurant, which we went to last night. 6. The term networking, which has appeared in popular speech, refers to using or even developing social networks. 7. My boss, who is very nice, lives in Manchester. 8. My sister, who I live with, knows a lot about cars. 9. My bicycle, which Ive had for more than ten years, is falling apart. 10. My mothers house, which I grew up in, is very small. Examples of Sentences with an Appositive Phrase 1. Queen Victoria, one of Englands greatest monarchs, ruled for sixty-three years. 2. Jane made the salad, a tossed one with French dressing. 3. Harvey Jensen, the pro at the country club, is giving me golf lessons. 4. James Hiltons book, Lost Horizon, has been filmed twice. 5. Chemistry, Sues favorite subject, is easy for her. 6. Jerry is visiting in Peoria, his old home town. Â  7. Mr. and Mrs. Miller, our neighbors for the past eight years, are moving to Dallas. 8. Have you ever read The Red Pony, a novel by John Steinbeck? 9. Groucho Marx, the star of many film comedies, also had his own television show. 10. The boys repaired our television set, an eighteen-year-old portable. References: http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com http://www.sinclair.edu http://www.chompchomp.com

Experts Are Not Always Right

Experts Are Not Always Right First and foremost who is an expert. An expert may be defined as someone or is said to be someone widely recognized as a person having special skill or knowledge about a particular thing. An expert in other words is a person with intensive knowledge or idea based on research, experience or occupation in a certain area of study. An expert can be by virtue of education, profession or experience believed to have a special knowledge of a subject more than that of an average person, reliable enough that others may rely upon the individuals way of thinking, believe or judgment. For someone or an individual to be an expert, the person or that particular individual must be professionally or academically qualified for them to be accepted as an expert. The person has to have the technical know-how and a sound knowledge of what his particular field of study is all about. The person must be able to give a very good explanation of questions that are asked which are related to his field. Just like no man is an island of knowledge, so also experts are not always right. No one has entire knowledge of something and because of no one has entire knowledge, nobody is above mistake. If you call a group of people experts, it is because you believe they know much about their field of study, they cannot make any type of mistake and that they can tackle any problem that has to do with it but the truth is no one can know everything in life because nobody is perfect. For example, a medical doctor is considered to be an expert, and because of the believe that he is capable of diagnosing what the problem is if a person is sick, the person is taken to the doctor who examines the patient and gives the aliment a name. He gives the patient antibiotics to take, after some time, if the patient is still not fit; he is given other antibiotics to take. The doctor keeps giving him antibiotics and conducting different tests until he finally figures out what the problem is. But the question he re is, if really a doctor knows everything about his field, why does he have to conduct tests and try different antibiotics? Why doesnt he just give the patient the perfect antibiotics for his aliment? And the answer is because even a doctor is not perfect and therefore, needs to try different things in other to reach a conclusion. Another example is that of an editor, the work of an editor is to make sure a book is fit to be published and sold to the public; he removes what is not supposed to be and puts what is supposed to be in a book. If a book is taken to him, he checks the book and forwards it to another editor, the second editor gives it to another editor which is the third editor and the third editor gives it to the fourth person who is the proof reader and then he proofreads and then finally to the chief editor who finally checks the book. But even after the book has been checked by almost five people, at the end of the day, you still find out you dont have the best work. Why? Because an editor alone cannot check and proof read a book. And also nobody is perfect in life. One thing that is constant in life is change, which also affects the productivity of experts. Change is dynamic, things keep on changing and people learn new things at every point in life. For example an expert who has conducted a research a year ago wont expect to have the same result if he conducts another research on the same thing after a year. Because it might be possible that even at the time of his previous research, one thing or the other has changed and it will keep changing because change is dynamic. An example is that of an engineer who is said to be very creative and an expert in his field, if a car is faulty, he doesnt just figure out what the problem is by mere looking at the car, he has to check the entire engine of the car before knowing what the problem is and how the problem occurred but even after he repairs the car, it doesnt mean the car wont face any more problems in the future, or even if the car faces the same problem in the future, it doesnt mean its the same skill or method he used in repairing the car previously that would be used the next time the problem occurs. Why? Because change is dynamic, everything is bound to change with time and there can be more advanced ways of repairing it. Another factor that affects the productivity of experts is over confidence. Because of the believe people have in experts, how they think experts dont make mistakes and how people think they are all-knowing, they tend to overlook the little necessities in their work. They become careless and make a lot of mistakes. An example of an experts carelessness is an operation carried out by a surgeon. Who is a surgeon A surgeon is an expert in his field which is to operate patients but that doesnt mean his operations are always successful and that he is not bound to make mistakes. Just like in the case of Dr. Nitin Aggarwal and his patient Gurcharan Singh which happened in sat guru Nagar on Sunday. Urologist Dr. Nitin being an expert detected a tumor in his patients urinary bladder which he operated on the 31st march. But then, after the operation, the patient complained of fever and was again showed to the same doctor who diagnosed him with cancer and started chemotherapy. After a month his X-ray was done in a government-run hospital in Dhanaula and the X-ray showed a pair of scissors inside his abdomen. He was then referred to a civil hospital where he was operated again. In this case even though the doctor was an expert in his field, he overlooked the little things he was supposed to pay attention to during the operation and made a great mistake which could have cost the patients life. If someo ne is overconfident or too full of himself, he is bound to be careless and if he is careless then he is bound to make mistakes in life. Experts make a very huge thing out of what they have just to get what they want from you. For example, doctors have different scientific names for a particular disease, when a sick person is taken to a doctor; he examines the patient and gives the aliment a scientific name, if the patient happens to go to another doctor, the doctor will also examine him and give the disease a different name. All this happens because, they also use their personal opinions and people dont question them because they feel they are experts in their own field and that they cannot make any form of mistake. Some experts use their personal opinions in disguise of a well done research and at the end of the day, they fail to provide supporting evidences to back up what they say or write in a book. Conclusively, experts cannot always be right because no man is an island of knowledge so no one can know everything, no one is perfect, and they tend to make mistakes. Over confidence and carelessness also affects their productivity which also leads them to making lots of mistakes. They make a very huge thing out of what they have just to get what they want and change is dynamic which also affects their productivity.

An Examination of Rubyfruit Jungle and Her Critics Essay -- Rubyfruit

An Examination of Rubyfruit Jungle and Her Critics  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Rita Mae Brown's first novel, Rubyfruit Jungle made waves when it was first released in 1973. Its influence has not gone away over the years and is in its seventh printing. While mainstream critics failed to acknowledge Rubyfruit Jungle in their papers, magazines and discussions on contemporary literature, there are plenty of non-mainstream voices to fill the void. While these lesser-known sources are not always credible, and certainly not always accurate they have created a word-of-mouth reputation of the novel and have facilitated its continuous success. The problem in researching such a novel is that there is very little criticism. One cannot rely on book reviews from unknown magazines and personal websites in order to properly examine secondary sources. Knowing that there is virtually no critical analysis on Rubyfruit Jungle changes the questions that the novel itself raises, and forces one to examine why this novel was not worthy of discussion. There could be several answers to this mystery, the most obvious being that it was written by and is about a lesbian. America has never fully allowed people to "come out" without reprimand and up until the time of this novel, the only fiction that focused on lesbians emphasized their shame and grief over their sexual identity. The idea that Rubyfruit Jungle has not been looked at in academic circles simply because it is a novel about a lesbian who feels no shame or guilt about her sexuality is only part of the problem, it is not the only reason why Brown's first novel is not discussed. While Molly Bolt is a lesbian and proud of it, other lesbians are not so proud of her and what she stands for. Rubyfruit ... ...unity that is still often ignored in literature. Could it be that one must wait until the next millennium in order to find voices in literature that accurately represent the society in which it is portraying?    Works Cited    Brown, Rita Mae. "Book Reviews." Rita Mae Brown Homepage. 2 December   1999.<http://www.ritamaebrown.com/books/rmb.html>.    Brown, Rita Mae. Rubyfruit Jungle. New York: Daughters Publishing Company,   1973.    Fishbein, Leslie. "Rubyfruit Jungle: Lesbianism, Feminism, and Narcissism." International Journal of Women's Studies 7.2 (1984): 155-159.    Innes, Charlotte. "Rita Meter Maid." Los Angeles Times 30 Nov. 1997: 3.    Ward, Carol. Rita Mae Brown. New York: Twain Publishers, 1993.    Webb, Marilyn. "Daughters, Inc.: A Publishing House is Born." Ms. Magazine   2:6 (1974): 37.   

Personal Narrative - A Hole In One Essay -- Personal Narratives

A Hole In One It was a Saturday afternoon, and I was at golf practice. It was a gorgeous day. The sun was out, there was just a slight breeze, and there wasn’t a cloud in the sky. No one could have asked for a better day. Three of my teammates and I were golfing together. We teed off at one o’clock. Walking down the fairway of number one looked just like a scene out of a movie. The lake off to the right and a line of trees along the left, were just gorgeous. Number two is a one hundred and forty-two yard par three. I was kind of nervous because, of all of the times I had played the course, I had never hit the green. I debated for a moment, because the distance is right in between clubs. I finally decided on a seven iron. I would choke up on it and take a nice easy swing. I teed ...

Characteristics and behaviors of an effective counselor Essay -- Psych

Characteristics and Behaviors of Effective Counseling The purpose of this paper is to analyze counselor behaviors and characteristics utilizing a case study from the COUN 6100 learning resources (n.d.). The first section will include aspects of the counselor’s responses I find to be effective. The next will examine areas where I see the counselor’s interactions as ineffective. The final section will feature an overview of how the factors in the preceding sections might impact the case study session. Effective Characteristics and Behaviors Levitt (2001) stresses active listening as a key element of successful counseling interactions. This listening style includes a number of verbal and nonverbal skills that give the client a sense of being heard and understood (Cooper, 2010). I was only able to analyze the verbal aspects of the counselor’s interactions due to the nature of the case study. The counselor in this scenario does a good job of asking several open questions and paraphrasing the client’s thoughts. An example of an open question is when he says, â€Å"Tell me about what anger issues look like for you.† This gave more control to the client and elicited specific information to deepen the conversation (Cooper, 2010). There is a time in the scenario when the counselor suggests that the client’s wife come to the session, despite the client’s earlier comments about his wish to focus on himself. The counselor realizes his mistake and apologizes to the client immediately. He then reflects on how that exchange might have felt, which is validated by the client. This could be effective in strengthening their relationship. The summary is another important way for the counselor to help the client organize key thoughts, feelings and... ...tentiveness, I think that the therapeutic relationship started in this scenario can be productive. References Cooper, J.B. (2010). Counseling microskills. In B.T. Erford (Ed.), Orientations to the Counseling Profession: Advocacy, ethics, and essential professional foundations (pp.148-162). New Jersey: Pearson. Levitt, D. (2001). Active Listening and Counselor Self-Efficacy: Emphasis on One Microskill in Beginning Counselor Training. Clinical Supervisor, 20(2), 101. Tape Transcript. (n.d.). [Learning resource]. Retrieved from http://sylvan.live.ecollege.com/ec/courses/76294/CRS-WUPSYC6205-6211712/6100_Wk_5_Tape_Transcript_1.26.10.doc Sheperis, D.S. and Ellis, C.M., (2010). The counseling process. In B.T. Erford (Ed.), Orientations to the Counseling Profession: Advocacy, ethics, and essential professional foundations (pp.124-147). New Jersey: Pearson.

Consequentialism: Morality and Charitable Donations Essay

What are the moral consequences of consequentialism? Consequentialism is defined as of all the things a person might do at any given moment; the morally right action is the one with the best overall consequences. Peter Singer who is a philosopher expresses his views on animal rights, abortion, euthanasia, infanticide, and bestiality. According to William Crawley’s interview with Singer, Singer’s opinions on these topics provoke a great deal of controversy because there are really no concrete answers and the proposed solutions to these views are debatable. One of the most controversial issues is abortion, in the interview and article â€Å"Peter Singer: Abortion, the dividing lines,† Singer passionately speaks about his pro-abortion view and how to minimize the pain of the fetus when it is about to be murdered. The article can be related to the interview because Singer tells us what makes a person to be a person and what is a person of being a rational substance. In the interview he uses this example where if a baby was born with only a brain stem and nothing else in the brain. The child would never recognize his or her parents, have any emotions, communicate or do anything either, Singer argues based on determining whether or not this child is a rational substance, and rational substance is what defines a person to be a person. He said this child may be born by human parents, but it is not a rational substance nor will it ever be rational. A chimpanzee was also mentioned in the interview, where the chimpanzee is far more self aware, rational, capable of connecting and loving other species. The chimpanzee is rational and is just as prestigious as a humans. The child’s life will be completely up to the parents and doctors whether or not they are capable supporting the child and other factors involved. Singer does not think that murdering the child is immoral because that child is not a rational substance and never will be. I completely agree with Singer in this example, if there was a glimpse of hope where the child can progress I would believe it is wrong to let the child die, but in this scenario it is bringing emotional pain and to parents to see that their child can never recognize or communicate with them. There would not be much difference if the child dies naturally or put to death by parents and doctors, I agree the child is breathing and is alive, but he or she is not living life, not experiencing nor can ever experience the point of living. The point of living in life is to progress, learn, experience all types of hardships and happiness. I am not agreeing that we should let parents decide on whether or not putting to death on every abnormal child’s life, just under certain circumstances where as to speak of a child not being a rational substance or not capable of experience life. As for the article, Singer argued that abortion does not deal with any moral issues, how it is wrong to ask â€Å"When does a human life begin?† and address of potentiality of a fetus becoming a person. He first point out that having and keeping a child is severe hardship. On the first 20 weeks of pregnancy, the brain is not developed to the point where it is conscience. He further discuses how even in the last stages of pregnancy the fetus is not self-aware, and have the capacity to feel pain but it is not capable of doing anything right or wrong. Singer also points out how the opponent’s argues that the fetus have potentiality of becoming a person, or even the next Albert Einstein. He believes this argument is absurd, because billions of human cells can potentially become persons, and with our advance technology today we can make that happen. Singer concluded that the fine line of abortion to draw is at birth. I think that consequentialism in abortion depends significantly on the parents. I am a pro-choice to begin with, and I strongly concur with Singer on his views. I don’t think it even matters when the fetus forms into a human. I believe that parents are the only ones who can decide whether or not to abort the child because they are the one who have to take responsibility of the child after birth and their life will change significantly because of a child. Parents have to determine whether or not they actually want this child, and check if they are financially stable and emotionally ready. If abortions were abolished there would be dangerous abortions, more children in orphanages, child abuses and etc. Also the child’s health and wellness could jeopardize, because they were not brought to this world by choice. If it is immoral to abort a child, the risk of immorality of their life after birth is far more greater, and frightening. I think the fine line to draw is at the fifth or sixth month of pregnancy because abortion after a certain period would put the mother and child’s life at risk and if the parents were strongly negative about having a child abortion would occur on the earliest stages of pregnancy. Another controversial issue I want to discuss is derived from the interview and article â€Å"Why we should give away 25% of our pay?† where Singer discusses his views on how â€Å"murder is neglect.† and gives suggestions to help the world. In the interview, he shows understanding that everyone have normal obligations in contributing their income to their family and there should be a limit to that. Singer brings up statistic examples of how much children and adults die in a day and it can be preventable. He suggest that we can give up some of our luxury we own including restaurant meals, vacation, drinking tap water instead of bottled and etc. Singer also included that we can easily give up 10% of our income to organizations and can still live comfortably. The article is quite similar to his interview, and tries to emphasize this point â€Å"sorry, you have the same duty in both situations: to prevent poverty and death, simply because you can.† He started off with two examples showing the choices people make over their ethical duty to provide help to others. Singer also discusses the reason why people does not bother helping, it is because the person in need of help is not physically near us we do not feel the need or temptation to help. He continues to show the effort people need to put in, and the drastic changes it make. I strongly disagree with Singer, I believe charity is a choice rather than our moral obligation. I do feel that it is important to make charitable donations, and I do applaud and support people who are already donating a portion of their income to their local organization. I strongly disagree with Singer’s first example in the article, I would not care about a pair of new shoes over saving a friend’s life. That is not a comparable example to the rest of the ideas Singer expresses. I do not think we need to give up luxury in order to donate. Celebrating our success in restaurants and vacations is a reward to ourselves for the hard work and sacrifices we made to get where we are. It’s comparable to celebrating our independence day on July 4th, we can donate all the money spent on fireworks every year to charity. It goes as far as birthdays, christmas and all these other holidays. Celebrations are occasional rewards we give ourselves, its not like everyone gets a pr omotion or raise everyday. I am sure that we can defiantly save a huge sum from luxury spendings, however we will no longer be motivated to work as hard knowing that getting a promotion or raise is not a big deal and we end up donating them to charity. As to drinking bottle water instead of tap water, some people believe that tap water is filthy and not as clean as bottle. Some people uses luxury and money to benefit themselves in some way as their drive to work hard. People sometimes prefer certain luxury brands over cheap ones, because the quality is better and the life span of the product is longer. I agree with Singer that if we do not see the person who is in need physically, the chance of us donating is nearly zero. I think that people make charitable donations to achieve some kind of happiness, and moral fulfillment, but if we do not actually see how the donations actually help, people do not feel like as if they actually helped others in need. I agree that everyone can make a difference in people’s lives, however poverty and death is inevitable, and are everywhere. I believe people can make charitable donations after they care for their own health and wellness first, then care for their families and friends. Interview: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMZvIZEO1E0 Article 1: http://www.heraldsun.com.au/opinion/peter-singer-abortion-the-dividing-lines/story-e6frfifo-1111114264781 Article 2: http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/news/world/why-we-all-should-give-away-25-of-our-pay/2007/06/08/1181089326370.html

Adult Behavior during Sports Events: An Overview

Playing sports is crucial and essential to a child's development. A child develops a sense of social awareness and self-confidence whenever he engages in a sport. Of course, this would not be possible if a child's parents will not encourage them in engage in a particular sport.Parents play a significant role in a child's involvement in whatever sport he chooses. A child's sense of sportsmanship is augmented by his parents as well. Parents are always considered to be perfect examples to their children. However, the positive effects of parents on their children are hampered by some instances, which parents themselves exude a plethora of negative behavior during sports events.With this in mind, we are compelled to place the behavior of parents in keen scrutiny. It is alarming that the proliferation of juvenile delinquency can be associated on parents' behavior as well. This is due to the fact that children are developing their cognitive skills at this stage of their lives.There is a gre at possibility that whenever a child develops and imitates the behavior of his parents; there is a possibility that the child's behavior could be worse than his parents by the time he enters adulthood. Another factor that calls for attention is that the improper behavior of some parents is seen not only by the child, but some spectators as well. A child might assume that such behavior is tolerable in public (Ocampo. 2008).Parents are not only the ones to be accounted for misbehavior in sports events. A child's coach, referee, and other people who are involved in a game can affect a child's behavior during these sports events. Whenever a child engages in a particular sport, his sense of competitiveness is heightened as well.However, children sometimes confuse competitiveness with aggressiveness. This is due to the fact that the inappropriate behavior of parents during sports events has an impact on a child's competitiveness. This, of course, gives child a negative sense of competitiv eness. Parents are always at the forefront of each game their child engages in. They are always present during games in order to give their children moral support and boost their self-confidence.Yet sometimes some parents exhibit crass and extreme behavior, which make it seem that they are the ones playing the sport. For instance, spectators claimed that a parent tripped a player from the opposing team during a game, because that player was about to tackle and spear his son. Whenever this happens, parents are deduced into sports fanatics as well.This is a simple example of what sports events can do to behaviors of parents. Parents act in such way due to the speculation that they want their children to excel in that sport where they have failed to do so. Parents may ignore the fact that even though they support their children in such manner, the behavior they exhibit have a consequent effect on the cognitive and social development of their children (Ocampo. 2008).Parental Violence in Sports: Promoting Juvenile Delinquency?The near fatal Junta-Costin youth hockey scrimmage in July of 2000 is considered the linchpin of sports violence in youth sports events (Heinzmann.2002). It ignited the issue of sports rage, which saw a myriad of newspapers all over the world documenting the story; and proliferating numerous editorials that placed parental involvement in a child's sports career under keen scrutiny.At first, it seemed that it was a mere isolated case. Eventually, experts have started debates regarding sports rage in sports events. It has been declared that there is an impending yet subliminal crisis in youth sports. Subliminal because most people don't perceive such as a crucial matter in children's behavior.Subliminal because people might not see its correlation to the increasing rate of juvenile delinquency.In a youth hockey game in Illinois, a father pummeled another player's dad during a heated argument at their son's youth hockey game. What's worse is, tha t father's son pleaded guilty for a misdemeanor charge for beating up an opposing player, which resulted in a paralyzing injury. Obviously, the repercussion of crass and violent behavior of parents are reaping its sour fruits.Children are deliberately affected by the obscene behavior of their parents. Yet parents seem not to be alarmed by such matter. Youth sports officials claimed that the mere yelling of parents at referees and coaches are enough to increase a child's improper sense of aggressiveness. Obviously, parents are sacrificing the virtue of sportsmanship for a twisted sense of competitiveness that they instill in their children (Ocampo.2008).Even though there are no feasible statistics on parental violence and assault, adamant coaches and overaggressive parents are the ones promoting and instilling a twisted sense of aggressiveness and competitiveness among their children (Ocampo.2008). Fred Engh, president of the National Alliance for Youth Sports exclaimed that:There ha s been a tremendous upsurge in violence in the last five years, I've been hearing of more and more violent incidents. We’re beginning to see the trickle-down effect from adults’ misbehavior †¦ where children that are involved are becoming part of the bad behavior. Far too often, we tell kids it’s ok to cheat in order to win, to taunt the players on the other team, to criticize officials. (Engh. 2000).The Illinois misdemeanor battery case has generated a maximum penalty of one year imprisonment. State prosecutors have dropped two counts of felony aggravated battery (James.2000). The boy has yet to be convicted in juvenile facility until he is 21 (James.2000).The juvenile acknowledged that he used the hockey stick to drag opposition player Neal Goss, causing Goss to hit the boards seconds after the buzzer sounded during a junior varsity game. The unidentified youth declared this in his plea agreement. After slamming into the fiber glass boards, Goss was delib erately paralyzed below his waist and injured his arms as well (James.2000).A bevy of head-butting and elbow-throwing melees have been rampant across the country. The Illinois incident is simply an example of the increasing rate of sports rage. Youth sports officials have claimed that coaches and parents are responsible for the ramifications in youth sports. Unfortunately, children are deliberately affected in this massive sports violence proliferation.Bob Still, public relations manager for the National Association of Sports Officials emphasized that: â€Å"Not only has the language gone more in the gutter, but we’ve also seen a rise in the number of incidences reported where physical violence has occurred.† (Still.2000).In 1975, one of the first cases of sports rage, it was reported by Sports Illustrated in the article â€Å"Taking the Fun Out of the Game† that a fight ignited between a mob of adult spectators and a group of coaches that coached championship t eam of sixth graders during a game in Kissimmee, Florida.The sports rage incident resulted with one coach being rushed to the hospital. Someone was yelling that one coach was dead already; causing the mob to depart the scene just before police authorities arrived. The coach was actually unconscious for a couple of hours before being taken to a nearby hospital. In Miami, a player's father pummeled his son's coach for arguing over his son's playing time.These incidents were obscure due to the fact that such incidents weren't able to be published or televised. The public was not aware of news like â€Å"Youth Sports Coaches pummeled by Furious Mob†. A series of rage events not associated with youth sports events were simply dismissed as a weak form of sociological trend (Heinzmann.2002).In order to place the growing cases of youth sports rage in further scrutiny, the Rutgers Youth Sports Research Council launched a computer search engine, which enables people to learn about yout h sports violence incidents through the database of more than 5,000 related articles concerning sports rage in youth sports events (Heinzmann.2002)†¦However, several articles suggest faux pas facts, which limited the public's knowledge concerning youth sports violence. The most crucial fact is that keen investigation has not succeeded in generating substantial data that sports rage in youth sports has increased in alarming rates. In order to comprehend and augment the understanding of the public of youth sports violence without any scientific data at hand, people can be made aware through the myriad of various sociology researches.This would augment our knowledge on how the media could have a discreet influence on general opinion regarding youth sports rage. Youth homicide has experienced a decline from 1993 to 1999. The Justice Policy Institute reported that there was a 68% decline in youth homicide in the United States, which was the lowest rate since 1966 (Heinzmann.2002).Ca mpus-related violent death decreased as well by 72%. However, network homicide coverage increased into a surprising 473% even though there was 33% decline in murders from 1990 to 1998. Evening news was reporting more than 25% of crimes were homicide cases (Heinzmann.2002).Justice Policy Institute pundits have declared that 62% believe that youth-related crimes are increasing upon conducting a survey. Americans saw it grew into epic proportions during random school shootings in 2000 (Heinzmann.2002)Eliminating Sports Violence: Beyond Feasible Statistics?Each sports event whether on the youth or professional level is experiencing a bevy of harassments on a daily basis. That is why security is assured in such events. Police and medical assistance are present in these events due to the fact that there is a possibility of heightened violence. Parents and adults are always at the forefront during these sports rage incidents (NASO, 2008).Annually, NASO has been receiving hundreds of report s, in which sports rage occurs among fans, officials, coaches, and players (NASO, 2008). Before NASO proposed a clamor for a bill proposal on youth sports violence, they defined sports rage as any physical attack upon a person during a sports events such as hitting, wounding, and other forms of harmful contact in an offensive manner, verbal abuse, and obscene harassments, which threatens an individual's safety during a sports event.After a pact has made to settle on the standard definition of â€Å"sports rage†, Investigators have began to observe and analyze the probable evidence that in order to link parents to such youth violence, investigators have to substantiate the faux pas norm that 15% of parents during these youth sporting events go below the belt and resort to deliberate violence.However, it was only 5% in the previous five years, yet conclusive feasible scientific evidence has yet to surface (Heinzmann.2002). However, according to NASO, published studies regarding sports rage incidents have yet to be seen; and that instances made by the media are anecdotal in nature and does not have feasible evidence. With this in mind, substantial facts contradict what is reported to the public (Heinzmann.2002).In a recent study by the NASO, it was stated that the prevalence and proliferation of crass behavior and assaults on youth sports officials occurs not only at youth sports games, but in the professional level as well (Heinzmann.2002).The study was aimed at urging state legislatures to provide apt laws that will penalize individuals who exhibit any form of obscene behavior during sports events (Heinzmann.2002). It primary purpose though was to educate and promote public awareness regarding manic behavior during these sports events (Heinzmann.2002).This generated the notion that scientific findings have yet to augment that sports rage is the primary deterrent during youth sports games. Even youth violence experts have acknowledged the fact that there is heightened rate of violence during youth sports events. Ironically, adults and parents are always the ones who instigate such obscene behavior.However, impartial statistics have yet to surface in order to prove that youth sports violence has increased; and that there is a great possibility that this trend has become more violent as cases begin to increase. Dan Macallair, Vice President of the Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, have urged a movement that will make alternative ways aside from imprisonment.Contrary to the media hype that has heightened the awareness of sports rage, Macallair's agency has shown that statistics of school violence in the United States are lower than anticipated. Furthermore, juvenile delinquency rates have experienced a huge letdown in previous years.Macallair even suggested that the increasing youth violence should be associated with modern day technology such as video games, which promote violence as well. Macallair exclaimed that:We really don ’t know because we don’t have the evidence. My guess is that it’s probably less than we think. †¦ My gut is that it’s being reported more frequently and more widely just because of modern-day media practices and media technology.Too often, the evidence does not support the perception. You see that all the time — that kids today are worse than they were 10 or 20 years ago. And then you go back and see that people were saying that about kids then. People have very short memories. However, we really don't know because we don't have the evidence. My guess is that it's probably less than we think. . .My gut is that it's being reported more frequently and more widely just because of modern-day media practices and media technology. (Macallair. 2001).Some experts have acknowledged the notion that the media has made a deliberate impact on the increasing rate of youth sports rage. Frank Smoll, author of Sports and Your Child, notes that the family is th e primary culprit in irrational aggressive behavior of child during sports games; yet coaches, professional athletes, and the media is also to blame for youth sports violence. Smoll exclaims that:I’m surprised there isn’t more violence in youth sports given the current underlying phenomena that feeds this violence system, particularly in hockey.During the hockey season, the sportscasts †¦ are going to show the fight of the night. That’s sick, flat out, he adds. Is it any wonder kids are going to see that and say, Hey, I’m going to be a better fighter, I’ve got instruction? (Smoll. 2000)National Alliance for Youth Sports president Fred Engh says that a child imitates what he perceives to be â€Å"good†. Good examples imply to their favorite professional athletes like wrestlers or MMA fighters. He complements Smoll's statement by implying that: â€Å"They’re seeing that kind of behavior on television.Look at the World Wrestling Fe deration. Look at the Jerry Springer Show. This is the mentality of a growing number of dysfunctional people that is creeping into youth sports.† (Engh.2000).Obviously, the sports entertainment industry must take initiative in taking the obligation for contributing to societal norms, which affect children and adults like. Talk shows have proliferated public display of violence as well. Ironically, such programs have a strong following by creating manic debates, which eventually turns into melee when things get out of hand.Studio audience is involved as well by castigating guests. Things get out of hand when altercations emerge during the show. Shows which are televised when children can watch such deliberate show of public violence; Take for instance the Jerry Springer Show, which gives people the opportunity to castigate people who did them wrong. It gives people the notion that what cannot be settled in a verbal manner can be settled with deliberate violence.But it is proper to do such in public? This suggests that the media is a purveyor of violence and irrational sense of competitiveness as well. Children can adhere to such when they go out to public affairs such as youth sports events. And by the time they are adults, they would do the same and even exhibit more obscene behavior during youth sports events (Ocampo.2008).ConclusionOrganized youth sports have been receiving media hype over the years. The issue of youth sports rage has been a crucial matter for the media to give it unprecedented attention. Incidents involving parents, coaches, and game officials have contributed to such by instigating fights and crass behavior during youth sports events.Although it is purely anecdotal that such matter is getting out of hand and is on the brink of enormous escalation, sports rage incidents are proliferating, and has been one of the primary purveyors of juvenile delinquency and youth violence. Such matter is beyond statistics, and the obvious is larger th an the scientific studies conducted regarding youth sports rage incidents.With this in mind, youth sports organizers should be at the forefront of every altercation during a youth sports event. They must implement proper measures of security in order to imply peace and order during games. On the other hand, parents should exhibit proper etiquette during youth sports events.Parents should be the ones who must moderate the various societal factors, which contribute to their child's sense of competitiveness. They must be reminded that during these games, they are not fans but parents who should guide their children. Parents should always bear in mind the youth sports games have a deliberate cognitive and social effect on their children's mentalities.They should be perfect examples during these events, and must instill positive and favorable values that a sport will complement their children's well-being (Ocampo.2008).

Network Hardening

Network Hardening Unit 8 Assignment 1 It is very important to go through the process of hardening. Hardening is where you change the hardware and software configurations to make computers and devices as secure as possible. I picked the network layout 1-the workgroup . First with the workstations and laptops you need to shut down the unneeded services or programs or even uninstall them. I would also have some good anti-virus software on the workstations. You also need a hardened image for all of your workstations.To do this you need to install a new copy of the operating system and then harden it. After you have one good hardened workstation you can use it as a model for all other workstations and also laptops. For the router you definitely need to protect it from unauthorized access. The router needs to be password protected and you should periodically change that password. For the cable modem you should keep all unwanted ports closed. I would also schedule a regular scan of all the systems. Now for some of these next things I am talking about they will apply to all devices .Disable remote administration. Administration of your router / access point should be â€Å"local only†, namely, there is no reason to let people from another country access to your network hardware. If you need to make changes, you should be local to the device. Update the firmware. Believe it or not, consumer network hardware needs to be patched also. Check the support site of the vendor of the device when you get it and check for an update. Sign up for e-mail alerts for updates, if available, or check back on a regular basis for updates.

Online Teacing vs. Classroom Teaching Essay

Although it is very traditional for teachers to teach in a classroom, online teaching is rapidly becoming a very important factor in most colleges. Even though teaching in a classroom has its advantages, online teaching also has its advantages as well. Me personally, I would prefer to be in a classroom with an instructor teaching a class. This is because many individuals feel a stronger connection with their teachers and classmates when they are able to interact face to face. It benefits many individuals to see good teaching practices being demonstrated by their own teachers. Teachers can also evaluate the different ways individuals are able to communicate. Also, students are trained hands-on according to the standards and regulations of their state, and can be confident of meeting their state’s requirements. Online classes are gaining more and more legitimacy and are fast becoming a legitimate alternative to traditional classes. It’s a great asset because all students are required to participate in the class, and participation can be measured objectively. Therefore, nobody can skulk in the back of the room and not talk or dominate the conversation. Classes can also be taken from anywhere that has computer access, so people don’t have to put off their education because of distractions or lack of school access. Online courses emphasize reading, writing and discussion elements that are proven to be effective, and that students can use in their own classrooms. Students can do their classes and coursework at any time that is convenient, especially when traditional classes don’t meet. Plus in today’s society computer literacy is more and more a requirement on many jobs and in some classroom settings and online classes requires that students become computer literate. Online classes tend to train future workers for general requirements that are accepted in every state. A student might be trained for certification in almost any state by taking online classes. The question of online teaching programs versus traditional teaching programs isn’t usually a question of which offers the better education, but which education serves the student’s needs better. For those looking to be in that classroom environment, traditional might be better, but for those who have concerns over distance, convenience, or class participation, online classes may provide a solution that works for everyone.

Critical Review. for Culinary Course Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critical Review. for Culinary Course - Essay Example The sustainability of this tourism depends on the locality of culinary foods farmers. Major scenarios crises of this tourism include the contamination of foods, fear of unhealthy competition and natural disaster strikes. The aftermath of these is a detrimental damage to culinary tourism industry profits as well as tainting its name. The greatest odd time to make decisions on crisis management is during the calamity itself and all the stakeholders should be well equipped to handle the situation critically in order to reduce or prevent loss. Culinary tourism is becoming widely known and is offered in many places. Therefore, food is not only linked to it original region but it has become a marketing tool. For example, by exploring Ontario as a potential candidate in this lucrative business of culinary tourism in reference to global market place, the emerging issue is whether it can be sustained or not (Hall, 2013). Sustainability in this point of view is the ability of this tourism indu stry to protect its products, conservation of resources and give respect to the people traditions aiming for quality experience instead of monetary achievement. Market for culinary tourism recognition has led to a paramount significance in the economy of Ontario in 2001 ever since from its tourism ministry (Hall, 2013). The greatest factor to consider while establishing culinary tourism sustainability in Ontario is the part played by farmers in land treatment methods, where food is produced and sustainability regard to them to ensure the availability of sufficient food for various eating places. The consequences of poor farming habits is the land deterioration leading to poor yields as there is no attention given to the productivity of the soil. One is in a position to come across such poor farming habits in countries where education levels of farmer’s leaves a lot to be desired as they are not in a position to maintain the proportionality of soil productivity and high crop y ields (Hall, 2013). In the Southeast Asian country of Laos, the increased population led to land fragmentation to residential area leaving little for farming with the little left being over exploited. This in return led to food shortages which negatively affect culinary tourism in Ontario. The example given leads to a conclusion that the implementation of well researched systems should be put in place for the sustainability of agriculture to avoid such occurrence in Ontario (Hall, 2013). With culinary tourism trying to grow to the highest heights of attraction in Ontario, there is a call for sustainable farming methods which are more effective than our current farming methods in which only 38% of world land is utilized in farming alongside 70% of world’s water. These statistical data are according to United Nation Environmental Programme (UNEP). In the province investors who wish to be identified in as far a culinary tourist sites are concerned should develop a relationship w ith farmers who have adequate knowledge of sustainable farming habits (Hall, 2013). There are various organizations like the Ecological Farmers Association of Ontario which is in the forefront in the dissemination of knowledge and educational tools to farmers to give great care to their farmland. Also, Ontario Soil and Crop Improvement Association, degrees and diplomas in agriculture sustainability found in schools such as Tent and Guelp University. By making use of these resources,

Thoughts about Facebook Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thoughts about Facebook - Essay Example This is evidenced by how students use Facebook to learn more about an area that is unique to them. The main attraction of young generation to Facebook is its ability to sell out individuals photos to the world (Dowens 1). With Facebook, people including old persons post their pictures on their respective profiles enhancing identity. Currently, communication is very easy. This is as a result of introduction of Facebook. This is evidenced by the diverse number of groups created and posted on Facebook. Communication to colleagues as well as specific persons in life is possible via Facebook. Additionally, Facebook enhances awareness through providing updates regarding nations and eminent people in the world (Dowens 1). It is the one that has enhanced many politicians such as President Obama to secure their jobs; it is used as a campaign platform. There are also some bad things about Facebook. For instance, it is evident that there is too much noise in Facebook. This is evidenced by occasional and useless notifications from unknown persons. The acceptance of notifications as well as new friends result to problems such as people unknown to you chat and comment carelessly on your posts. With Facebook privacy is jeopardized. Facebook provides lots of information about its users. Privacy has been worsened by businesses and institutions that seek popularity through this network system (Dowens 1). It is also evident that most people are attacked because of the information they have provided in the network. It is also evident that there are some dirty minds that take part in Facebook. This is evidenced by dirty pictures as well as posts posted on the site. Most of the parents might not find it interesting to see their children getting exposed to inappropriate pictures in the site. Some rumors spread via Facebook can be heartbreaking in addition to long lasting. For